Origins and Rarity
Natural diamonds are formed when carbon atoms deep in the earth’s mantle are exposed to intense pressure and heat, making them crystalize. The first diamonds were mined in India over 2,000 years ago. Now, equally stunning diamonds can be found all over the world. The unique rarity of a diamond is largely based on the qualities of its clarity, color, carat and cut.
Pearls have an exceptionally long history as revered gems, and have been worn by kings and queens for over 4,000 years. Julius Caesar of Rome once even ruled that only royalty would be allowed to wear pearls.
Pearls come from the sea, forming inside the shell of an oyster, and natural pearls are very rare and highly treasured. In 1893, a process of creating cultured pearls was discovered, making fine pearls more accessible and equally beautiful.
Appearance
Diamonds and pearls are quite distinct in their appearance. While diamonds are renowned for exquisite dazzle, pearls boast a luminous look.
Sparkle
Diamonds are the king of sparkle, claiming a high rating on the refractive index. They’re famous for their brilliance, which splits white light into a mesmerizing array of hues.
Pearls feature a luster instead of sparkle. Luster is one of the key qualities to consider when choosing a pearl. A pearl with high luster glows softly, allowing you to see your reflection in its sheen. High luster comes from the quality of its nacre, which is what the pearl is made of inside the oyster shell. The best quality pearls feature thick nacre and rich luster.
Color
The color of a gemstone is the most important feature for most people. The classic image of a diamond is of a clear stone that radiates with a shimmering, multi-hued fire. However, diamonds come in an array of colors, allowing you to choose the hue that most suits you, while still enjoying the mesmerizing twinkle the stone is famous for.
Pearls are known for a creamy white hue, but there are many different colors of pearls. Akoya pearls boast the classic milky white color, while large and lustrous South Sea pearls have silver or gold tones as well as white. Tahitian pearls, in particular, are known for their entrancing black color, though they also can come in shades of gray or brown, with overtones of pink, purple, blue or green.
Pearl color is made up of three elements. The bodytone is the main color of the pearl. The overtone is a translucent color that some pearls have that appears over the bodytone. The orient is an iridescent shimmer some pearls have that appears on the surface or just below it.
Clarity
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gemstone’s clarity may be one of the most important factors in choosing any gem, including a diamond. The Gemological Institute of America uses a clarity scale from Flawless to Included to grade diamond clarity. The majority of diamonds rank as Slightly Included or Very Slightly Included stones, with most of their inclusions, such as bubbles, fractures or other minerals, only visible when using 10x magnification.
Pearls are not clear gemstones, so the quality of their surface is considered instead of clarity. Pearls with minimal inclusions, marks or wrinkles on their surface are highly desirable.